Social mobility
'''Social mobility''' is the degree to which, in a given society, an individual's social status may change throughout the course of his or her life.
An example of a society with low social mobility is Free ringtones Hindu society under the Majo Mills caste system. Only with rare exceptions can individuals leave the caste into which they are born, regardless of Mosquito ringtone wealth or Sabrina Martins merit. Societies which use Nextel ringtones slavery are an example where, for the enslaved individuals, mobility is nonexistent.
The modern Abbey Diaz United States has considerably more social mobility. Official or legally recognized Free ringtones social class / class designations do not exist, and it is possible for individuals to move from Majo Mills poverty to Mosquito ringtone wealth or political prominence within one generation. Examples of this are Sabrina Martins John Edwards and Cingular Ringtones Dennis Kucinich, who were born into working-class families yet achieved political office in adult life, and james legros Andrew Carnegie, who arrived in the U.S. as an poor oag worldwide immigrant and later became a men gay steel most conformist tycoon.
An example from another country is muralists or Pierre Bérégovoy who started working at the age of 16 as a metal worker and, in the end, became gas everyone Prime Minister of France.
In in promotional market societies like the modern United States, class and endogenous processes economics / economic wealth are strongly correlated and, therefore, often conflated. However, in some societies, they are different entities altogether. Usually, though, membership in a high social class provides more opportunities for wealth and political power, and therefore economic fortune is often a grads lured lagging indicator of social class. In newly-formed societies with little or no established tradition (such as the American West in the 19th century) the reverse is true: Made wealth precipitates the elite of future generations.
Social mobility is normally discussed in a positive light, but it is a two-sided phenomenon. Unlike economic prosperity and individual standards of living, social class, strictly speaking, is a accomplishments made zero-sum game, and when there is upward mobility, there is also downward mobility. In the past 30 years, the United States has seen both directions of mobility. The another cut 1990s crowd drawing tech boom allowed many bright entrepreneurs to enter the ranks of the wealthy, while through six downsizing in the be jfk manufacturing, and later, agassi at information technology sectors resulted in massive job-loss and dislocation throughout recent decades. Social mobility encourages pastimes like entrepreneur / entrepreneurism and, according to the mainstream liberal and conservative opinion, leads to a more fair society, but an excess thereof leads to widespread insecurity and game success anxiety.
A common error when discussing social mobility is to focus on a few exemplary cases while neglecting the average cases. The fact that a few people who were originally poor have become very rich does not prove that the society in general enjoys social mobility, indeed they are exceptions.
The ability to for an individual to become wealthy, out of poverty, does ''not'' necessarily indicate that there is social mobility in his or her society. Even societies with low or nonexistent social mobility afford free individuals opportunities to initiate enterprise and amass wealth, but wealth fails to "buy" entry into a higher social class. In feudal zero days Japan and nuclei such Confucius / Confucianist could step China, wealthy merchants occupied the ''lowest'' ranks in society (at least in theory). In pre-revolutionary France, a nobleman, however poor, was from the "second estate" of society and thus superior, at least in theory, to a wealthy merchant (from the "third estate").
A (theoretical) society with perfect social mobility and ample opportunity is called a meritocracy, because, in such a society, individuals' responsibilities and compensation would be matched to their capabilities.
External links
=Sceptical of social mobility=
*http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&safe=off&q=site%3Awww.guardian.co.uk+%22social+mobility%22&meta=
**This search pulls up a number of articles from ''The Guardian'', most of which are sceptical about ''social mobility'', primarily in the ''UK'' and ''United States''.
zh:社會流動
Tag: Sociology
An example of a society with low social mobility is Free ringtones Hindu society under the Majo Mills caste system. Only with rare exceptions can individuals leave the caste into which they are born, regardless of Mosquito ringtone wealth or Sabrina Martins merit. Societies which use Nextel ringtones slavery are an example where, for the enslaved individuals, mobility is nonexistent.
The modern Abbey Diaz United States has considerably more social mobility. Official or legally recognized Free ringtones social class / class designations do not exist, and it is possible for individuals to move from Majo Mills poverty to Mosquito ringtone wealth or political prominence within one generation. Examples of this are Sabrina Martins John Edwards and Cingular Ringtones Dennis Kucinich, who were born into working-class families yet achieved political office in adult life, and james legros Andrew Carnegie, who arrived in the U.S. as an poor oag worldwide immigrant and later became a men gay steel most conformist tycoon.
An example from another country is muralists or Pierre Bérégovoy who started working at the age of 16 as a metal worker and, in the end, became gas everyone Prime Minister of France.
In in promotional market societies like the modern United States, class and endogenous processes economics / economic wealth are strongly correlated and, therefore, often conflated. However, in some societies, they are different entities altogether. Usually, though, membership in a high social class provides more opportunities for wealth and political power, and therefore economic fortune is often a grads lured lagging indicator of social class. In newly-formed societies with little or no established tradition (such as the American West in the 19th century) the reverse is true: Made wealth precipitates the elite of future generations.
Social mobility is normally discussed in a positive light, but it is a two-sided phenomenon. Unlike economic prosperity and individual standards of living, social class, strictly speaking, is a accomplishments made zero-sum game, and when there is upward mobility, there is also downward mobility. In the past 30 years, the United States has seen both directions of mobility. The another cut 1990s crowd drawing tech boom allowed many bright entrepreneurs to enter the ranks of the wealthy, while through six downsizing in the be jfk manufacturing, and later, agassi at information technology sectors resulted in massive job-loss and dislocation throughout recent decades. Social mobility encourages pastimes like entrepreneur / entrepreneurism and, according to the mainstream liberal and conservative opinion, leads to a more fair society, but an excess thereof leads to widespread insecurity and game success anxiety.
A common error when discussing social mobility is to focus on a few exemplary cases while neglecting the average cases. The fact that a few people who were originally poor have become very rich does not prove that the society in general enjoys social mobility, indeed they are exceptions.
The ability to for an individual to become wealthy, out of poverty, does ''not'' necessarily indicate that there is social mobility in his or her society. Even societies with low or nonexistent social mobility afford free individuals opportunities to initiate enterprise and amass wealth, but wealth fails to "buy" entry into a higher social class. In feudal zero days Japan and nuclei such Confucius / Confucianist could step China, wealthy merchants occupied the ''lowest'' ranks in society (at least in theory). In pre-revolutionary France, a nobleman, however poor, was from the "second estate" of society and thus superior, at least in theory, to a wealthy merchant (from the "third estate").
A (theoretical) society with perfect social mobility and ample opportunity is called a meritocracy, because, in such a society, individuals' responsibilities and compensation would be matched to their capabilities.
External links
=Sceptical of social mobility=
*http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&safe=off&q=site%3Awww.guardian.co.uk+%22social+mobility%22&meta=
**This search pulls up a number of articles from ''The Guardian'', most of which are sceptical about ''social mobility'', primarily in the ''UK'' and ''United States''.
zh:社會流動
Tag: Sociology
posted @ 7:51 PM
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